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| Title |
Evgeny Kustnetsov, The Multilateral Force debates
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| Document type |
Expert contribution
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| Source |
Evgeny Kustnetsov, European University Institute, Florence (2004).
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| Keywords |
accession to the Community, deterrent, EDC, EEC, missile, Nassau conference, NATO, nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear weapon, Polaris, Transatlantic Link
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| Copyright |
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| Caption |
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| Location in the digital library |
RESEARCH AND TEACHING >> Expert contributions
HISTORICAL EVENTS >> 1957–1968 Successes and crises >> The EEC and the two blocs >> Relations between the USA and the EEC
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| Document extract |
Multilateral Force debates
Consisting in ships carrying "Polaris" intermediate-range ballistic missile and manned by international crews, including Germans, the Multilateral force (MLF) was the most ambitious project for European integration in the military field after the failure of the European Defence Community. In December 1960 at the NATO ministerial meeting in Paris, Secretary of State Christian Herter had recommended that the United States should commit five nuclear submarines, armed with eighty "Polaris" missiles to the seaborne NATO multilateral nuclear force on condition that the Europeans come up with some system to manage them. The MLF proposal introduced to the State Department by Harvard Professor Robert Bowie was only a part of a much larger report, which was supposed to deal with a set of problems concerning the Atlantic Alliance. First, there was the growing concern among the Europeans about the reliability of the US nuclear deterrence. The launch of Sputnik in 1957 and the deployment by the USSR of nuclear missiles that directly threatened Europe seemed to prove the Soviet superiority in the arms race. At the same time the Suez crisis had shown that the United States would not necessarily use the nuclear weapons to back Europeans in matters of less than vital importance to them. Second was the concern with the emergence of i (...) Read more in ENA |
| See also |
Letter from David Owen to José Medeiros Ferreira (Brussels, 5 April 1977)
The accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities (Brussels, 22 January 1972)
General de Gaulle's first veto
Address given by General Norstad to the Atlantic Council of the United States (Washington, 14 January 1963)
Note of the Netherlands Government concerning the European army (August 1951)
Draft mutual defense assistance agreement between the United States and the EDC (May 1954)
The role of the Action Committee for the United States of Europe
Edward Heath signs the United Kingdom’s Treaty of Accession (Brussels, 22 January 1972)
Cartoon by Behrendt on the Multilateral Force within NATO (April 1963)
Cartoon by Low on the European Defence Community (23 June 1954)
Cartoon by Behrendt on the failure of the EDC (1954)
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